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Ambedkar’s scheme of nation-building was shaped by his experience as a social reformer, jurist, and thinker who confronted the deep-rooted inequalities and structural barriers of Indian society. His vision went beyond the conventional nationalist discourse of his time, which often reduced nation-building to the achievement of political independence. For Ambedkar, the foundation of a modern nation could not be laid without simultaneously dismantling caste hierarchies, ensuring social and economic justice, and creating institutions of democracy rooted in equality and liberty. His approach was multidimensional, encompassing political democracy, social justice, economic restructuring, and cultural transformation, but it was also fraught with tensions and criticisms that need careful consideration. Ambedkar’s conception of nationhood was grounded in his critique of the Hindu social order. He argued that India could not be considered a nation as long as it was fractured by caste divisions and untouchability. In his analysis, caste prevented the growth of solidarity, fraternity, and collective consciousness, which he saw as essential to any national project. He believed that political independence without social transformation would be hollow, as it would simply transfer power from colonial rulers to the upper-caste elites, leaving the oppressed classes as marginalized as before. Thus, his scheme of nation-building was premised on the radical restructuring of social relations and the eradication of caste-based inequalities. This placed him at odds with mainstream nationalist leaders, particularly Gandhi, who focused on political freedom and moral reform rather than structural annihilation of caste. Central to Ambedkar’s nation-building project was the establishment of political democracy. He was deeply influenced by liberal and constitutional traditions, but he insisted that democracy had to be more than a system of government; it had to be a way of life grounded in the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity. His role as the chief architect of the Indian Constitution exemplifies this vision. The Constitution became, in his view, the instrument ____ ______ _________ _____ __________.
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