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Science and technology have increasingly become central factors shaping international relations in the modern world. Their role extends across multiple dimensions, including diplomacy, security, economic development, environmental cooperation, and global governance, fundamentally altering the way states interact with one another. Science and technology influence the distribution of power among states, redefine national interests, and create new challenges and opportunities for cooperation. In the contemporary international system, technological advancement can determine a country’s strategic position, economic competitiveness, and diplomatic leverage, making it an essential element in the study of international relations. One of the most significant impacts of science and technology in international relations is evident in the domain of security and military affairs. Advanced technologies have transformed the nature of warfare, introducing sophisticated weapons systems, cyber warfare capabilities, unmanned vehicles, artificial intelligence, and missile defense systems. States that possess superior technological capabilities often enjoy strategic advantages, influencing the balance of power in international politics. For instance, the nuclear arms race during the Cold War showcased how scientific and technological progress could escalate global tensions, create strategic deterrence, and reshape international alliances. Similarly, modern cyber capabilities allow states to influence or disrupt the political and economic systems of adversaries without conventional military engagement, highlighting the complex interconnection between technology and security in the contemporary world. Science ___ ____ _____ _____ ______ _______ __________ ___.
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