जाति उद्भवन क्या है? जाति उद्भवन की विधि समझाइए।
जाति उद्भवन (Species Formation) जैविक विकास की एक महत्वपूर्ण प्रक्रिया है, जिसके द्वारा एक ही प्रजाति के भीतर भिन्न-भिन्न जातियाँ (species) उत्पन्न होती हैं। इसे कभी-कभी "speciation" भी कहा जाता है। यह प्रक्रिया उन जैविक बदलावों का परिणाम होती है, जो एक प्रजाति के भीतर जैविक रूप से अलग-अलग उपसमूहों के रूप में विकसित होती हैं। जब ये उपसमूह आपस में प्रजनन नहीं कर पाते या उनका आपसी मेलजोल कम हो जाता है, तो एक नई जाति का उद्भव होता है। जाति उद्भवन को समझने के लिए हमें इसके विभिन्न पहलुओं को जानना आवश्यक है।
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Define mutation. Explain the following types of mutations briefly:
a) Induced mutations
b) Suppressor mutations
Explain the natural causes of extinction of a species.
In the following statements, choose the alternate correct word given in parenthesis.
(i) The DNA regions in chloroplast could be observed under (light microscope/electron microscope).
ii) The regions containing cpDNA are called (nucleoids/celluloids).
iii) Each nucleoid contains (a single/a few) copies of DNA.
iv) The cpDNA and surDNA are usually (circular/linear) in nature.
v) Both chloroplast and mitochondria contain (a few/many) copies of DNA.
vi) The DNA of yeast is (bigger/smaller) than w/DNA of humans.
vii) The occurrence of introns is discovered in (yeast/human).
जातियों के विलुप्त होने के प्राकृतिक कारणों को समझाइए।
Two recessive genes, ds and up are present in com. These are linked and are 20 map units apart. From the cross:
What percentage of the progeny would be expected to be both ds and mp in the phenotype?
बहुगुणिता के अनुप्रयोग पर नोट लिखिए।
In Drosophila, the recessive, sex-linked genes, abnormal eyes facet (fa) and singed bristles (sn) show 18 percent recombination.
a) If a singed male is crossed to a female, what phenotypes are expected in the F1?
b) If the F₁ males and females are inbred, what phenotypic proportions would be expected to occur in F₂ males and females?