Give a pictorial representation to represent the following:

iv) An irregular figure can have more than one line of symmetry.

v) A 3D object which is flat.

Much of Mathematics teaching is actually about encouraging children to become more aware about patterns they find and to use them in their thinking. Illustrate this in the case of the situation given below by answering the questions given in questions (i), (ii) and (iii), below.

“A mathematics teacher in class 5 showed the following pattern in the class.

       46 44 = 2024

       63 67 = 4221

       71 79 = 4909

She gave some time for the students to identify the pattern. After some time she asked the students to find the answer of “84 × 86” in one second. One student answered 7224. Based on this situation, answer the following question.

i) What is the pattern used by the student?

ii) Explain why it works?

iii) Describe how it helps to encourage mathematical thinking

Explain two implications for teaching mathematics of the fact that mathematical knowledge is hierarchically constructed. Give examples in support of your answers in the context of teaching negative numbers.

 What is a magic square? Complete entries in the following and make it a magic square.         

Illustrate the methods used for filling the entries. Also explain why the method work

Devise a game for a group of appropriate level of children to help them develop the ability to estimate volume

A class 4 teacher wants to help her students understand the 3 categories of division of numbers. Construct one word problem of each category corresponding to the division 32 ÷8 = .4 Which of these categories of word problems is usually considered difficult for a primary school child to understand? Give reasons for your answer

Analyze any chapter of the mathematics text book for class 3 children and identify two portions in it where the language of mathematics is not appropriate to the level of children. You reword the portions of it, to make it simpler for children to learn it better. Present the original portion and the changed portion with necessary explanation which justifies the changes.

What could be the logic behind the following subtraction done by a child:

Does this shows that the child has not understood the process of subtraction of numbers? Give reasons for your answer. How will you help her to correct her mistake

Illustrate the use of each of the following in learning the concept of “fraction”. 

i) an outdoor activity

ii) newspapers and magazines

Illustrate with examples why “classification” and “seriation” are pre number concepts. Develop a series of three distinct activities at different levels of difficulty, to assess how for children have ability to perform any one of these two processes. Explain how these activities are at different levels of ability

How would you convince a child that any number multiplied by 0 is 0, using a teaching aid

Evaluation at every step, through immediate feedback, should form part of teaching – learning process. Explain this statement in the context of each, teaching and learning of place-value. Further give three distinct multiple assessment techniques for evaluation in the context given.

Give one example each, with justification, to support the following statements.

i) Children in early primary school have a problem with handling formal arithmetic. ii) Repetition is not the same as rote learning.

iii) Objects of different shapes may have the same volume?

Explain economic implications of waste generation and waste disposal.

Explain economic implications of waste generation and waste disposal.

Describe various means of conserving energy.

Explain means of recycling and reuse of solid wastes produced by cities and industries.

Discuss the problems in preparing a reliable database report on environment.

Discuss three conceptual models highlighting the symptoms and causes in order to understand the environmental problems.

Describe the epidemiological approach used to study health problems related to the environment