(a) Differentiate electrolyte concentration cell and electrode concentration cells.

The cell reaction for a galvanic cell is given below

Cu(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) →Cu²⁺ (aq) + 2Ag(s)

(i) Write the half-cell reactions at the anode and the cathode

(ii) Calculate the value of cell emf under standard conditions; use data from

(iii) Will the reaction be spontaneous as written?

What is ionic mobility? How is it related to transference number?

The resistance of a conductivity cell filled with an electrolytic solution is observed to be 180 Ω. If the resistance of 0.1M KCl solution taken in the same cell was found to be 72 Ω calculate the conductivity of the given solution. (Given: The conductivity of 0.1 M KCl solution = 1.29 S m-1 ).

Differentiate between conductance and conductivity of an electrolytic solution

Draw the phase diagram for sulphur system and label the sublimation and fusion curves for monoclinic sulphur on it

(a) “A four phase equilibrium is not possible in a one component system.” Justify the statement.

An aliphatic carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol and the following equilibrium is established.

RCOOH+RCH₂OH=RCOOCH₂R+H₂O

What is the number of constituents and the number of components in the system?

What are degrees of freedom? What is the maximum number of degrees of freedom possible for a one-component system?

Define any five of the following terms :

(i) A component

(ii) Critical point

(iii) Molar conductivity

(iv) Transference number

(v) Standard hydrogen electrode

(vi) Electrolytic cells

(b) Differentiate between true and metastable equilibrium.

(a) State Nernst distribution law and write the expression for distribution constant

Explain the process of steam distillation with the help of a suitable diagram

Draw and explainthe vapour pressure curve of a solution showing positive deviation from Raoult’s law.

Give the molecular structure of the following compounds:

(i) 2-Phenyl-1-octene

(ii) 2-Phenylbromoethane

(iii) 4-Bromotoluene

(iv) 1-Bromo-2-chlorobenzene

(v) Propylbenzene

Give mechanism of the following:

(i) Hydrohalogenation of an alkyne

(ii) Ozonolysis of an alkyne

Explain Markovnikoff’s rule giving suitable examples.

Explain the structures of a momoene and a diene

Give one example of each of the following:

(i) Halogenation of alkane

(ii) Nitration of alkane

(iii) Isomerisation of alkane

(iv) Aromatization of alkane

(v) Pyrolysis of alkane

With the help of two examples, compare the terms basicity and nucleophilicity.