The number density of copper atoms is 8.4910²⁸ atoms m^–3 . If each atom contributes one free electron for conduction, examine whether the electron gas is strongly degenerate at room temperature.

Two systems have thermodynamic probabilities of 3.0 10²⁷ and 1.8 1028 respectively. Calculate the entropies of the individual systems and as well as their composite system and verify the Boltzmann relation.

What is social development and what are various indicators of social development? Discuss social dynamics of development

Distinguish between sustainable agriculture and inclusive agriculture. Describe two important agricultural reforms undertaken in India for agricultural development

How to formulate Gender Development Index? Describe various gender adversaries and what measures to be taken to overcome gender adversaries

Discuss the role of infrastructure in development. Describe how to measure infrastructural development of a nation state.

Explain the vicious circle of poverty? What measures have to be taken to control poverty in the developing countries?

Four particles are to be distributed in 5 states. Calculate the number of ways in which this distribution can be done if the particles obey:

(i) M-B statistics and (ii) B-E statistics.

Derive the single-particle partition function for an ideal monatomic gas consisting of N identical particles occupying a volume V. Obtain expressions for the entropy and pressure of this system.

Write an expression of Planck’s law of black body radiation and hence obtain Stefan’s-Boltzmann law.

What is Joule-Thomson effect? Write an expression for Joule-Thomson coefficient for a van der Waals’ gas and discuss the significance of a and b in this expression.

Using Maxwell’s relations, deduce first and second energy equations.

Derive an expression for efficiency of a Carnot engine using T-S diagram. A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 50 percent when its sink temperature is at 27 ºC. Calculate the change in source temperature for increasing its efficiency to 60 percent.

What are various types of data? Explain process of tabulation and interpretation of data.

Define sampling? Discuss two methods of probability sampling with suitable examples.

Distinguish between monitoring and evaluation. Explain various tools and techniques of monitoring.

Explain meaning and features of evaluation. Describe two important approaches to evaluation.

What are basic elements of project management? Explain various technique of project management.

What is disaster management? Explain various standards in disaster management.

What are various sources of municipal revenue? Describe various mechanisms to improve municipal revenue.