I am going to get coffee. Do you want a cup?

As long as it is cold, my parents will be using the heater.

Does Gauri like her new workplace or is she planning to apply somewhere else?

What a gorgeous place! Isn’t it perfect for the photoshoot?

Mr. Qureshi does not want to be disturbed. What do you need from him?

Finish your homework or you cannot go out with your friends.

Finish your homework or you cannot go out with your friends.

Read the following telephone conversation between Mrs. Ayesha Rafique and Mr. Milind Bansode.

Ayesha: Breathe Easy Solutions, Ayesha speaking. How can I help you? Milind: Hello, this is Milind Bansode. May I speak with Mr. Suresh Malkotia, please? Ayesha: One moment please – I'll put you through. Ayesha: Mr. Bansode? I'm sorry, Mr. Malkotia is in a meeting at the moment. Would you like to leave a message? Milind: Yes, could you ask him to call me back as soon as possible? It's pretty urgent. Ayesha: Of course. Does he have your number? Milind: He has my office number, but let me also give you my mobile number– it's 9830457717. Ayesha: Let me read that back to you –9830457717.

Milind: That's right. Ayesha: And could you spell your last name for me? Milind: B as in Boston - A as in Agra - N as in Nagpur - S as in Singapore - O - D as in Delhi - E as in England Ayesha: Okay, Mr. Bansode. I'll give him the message. Milind: Thanks a lot. Have a good day.

Now, read the subsequent telephone conversation between Mr. Suresh Malkotia and Mr. Miliand Bansode when Mr. Malkotia calls Mr. Bansode back.

Milind: Hello? Suresh: Mr.Bansode, this is Suresh returning your call. Milind: HelloMr. Malkotia, thank you for getting back to me. I was calling about the shipment of intelligent air purifiers for our hospital - we haven't received them yet. Suresh: Oh, that's not good - they were supposed to be delivered three days ago if I am not wrong. Milind: Exactly, and we have a new section to be inaugurated on Monday, so wereally need those air purifiers as soon as possible. Suresh: Okay, I will look into it right away - if necessary, we can send you anemergency overnight shipment. Milind: Thanks, Mr. Malkotia, I appreciate it. Suresh: No problem, Mr. Bansode. I will call you back a little later, as soon as I have moreinformation. Milind: Sounds good – talk to you soon. Suresh: Have a good day, Mr. Bansode.

On the basis of what you have learned about telephone conversations and different domains, how will you analyse the conversations between (i) Ms. Ayesha and Mr. Milind and (ii) Mr. Suresh and Mr. Milind? Depending on your analysis of the domain of these conversations, recreate these telephone conversations considering them to be taking place in the opposite domain type, whereby Mrs. Ayesha is Mr. Malkotia’s family member.

(i) a long speech by one person

(ii) fat and round in terms of physique

(iii) not expensive

(iv) tall and slender

(v) grown immensely in a short period of time

(vi) a business providing or selling some type of goods or service

(vii) a person or company making a legal complaint accusing someone of doing something illegal in a court of law

(viii) dangerous or likely to cause harm

Don’t Blame the Eater David Zinczenko The New York Times Nov. 23, 2002, Section A, pg. 19

If ever there were a newspaper headline custom-made for Jay Leno's monologue, this was it. Kids taking on McDonald's this week, suing the company for making them fat. Isn't that like middle-aged men suing Porsche for making them get speeding tickets? Whatever happened to personal responsibility? I tend to sympathize with these portly fast-food patrons, though. Maybe that's because I used to be one of them. I grew up as a typical mid-1980's latchkey kid. My parents were split up, my dad off trying to rebuild his life, my mom working long hours to make the monthly bills. Lunch and dinner, for me, was a daily choice between McDonald's, Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried Chicken or Pizza Hut. Then as now, these were the only available options for an American kid to get an affordable meal. By age 15, I had packed 212 pounds of torpid teenage tallow on my once lanky 5-foot-10 frame. Then I got lucky. I went to college, joined the Navy Reserves and got involved with a health magazine. I learned how to manage my diet. But most of the teenagers who live, as I once did, on a fast-food diet won't turn their lives around: They've crossed under the golden arches to a likely fate of lifetime obesity. And the problem isn't just theirs -- it's all of ours. Before 1994, diabetes in children was generally caused by a genetic disorder -- only about 5 percent of childhood cases were obesity-related, or Type 2, diabetes. Today, according to the National Institutes of Health, Type 2 diabetes accounts for at least 30 percent of all new childhood cases of diabetes in this country. Not surprisingly, money spent to treat diabetes has skyrocketed, too. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that diabetes accounted for $2.6 billion in health care costs in 1969. Today's number is an unbelievable $100 billion a year. Shouldn't we know better than to eat two meals a day in fast-food restaurants? That's one argument. But where, exactly, are consumers -- particularly teenagers -- supposed to find alternatives? Drive down any thoroughfare in America, and I guarantee you'll see one of our country's more than 13,000 McDonald's restaurants. Now, drive back up the block and try to find someplace to buy a grapefruit. Complicating the lack of alternatives is the lack of information about what, exactly, we're consuming. There are no calorie information charts on fast-food packaging, the way there are on grocery items. Advertisements don't carry warning labels the way tobacco ads do. Prepared foods aren't covered under Food and Drug Administration labeling laws. Some fast-food purveyors will provide calorie information on request, but even that can be hard to understand. For example, one company's Web site lists its chicken salad as containing 150 calories; the almonds and noodles that come with it (an additional 190 calories) are listed separately. Add a serving of the 280-calorie dressing, and you've got a healthy lunch alternative that comes in at 620 calories. But that's not all. Read the small print on the back of the dressing packet and you'll realize it actually contains 2.5 servings. If you pour what you've been served, you're suddenly up around 1,040 calories, which is half of the government's recommended daily calorie intake. And that doesn't take into account that 450-calorie super-size Coke. Make fun if you will of these kids launching lawsuits against the fast-food industry, but don't be surprised if you're the next plaintiff. As with the tobacco industry, it may be only a matter of time before state governments begin to see a direct line between the $1 billion that McDonald's and Burger King spend each year on advertising and their own swelling health care costs. And I'd say the industry is vulnerable. Fast-food companies are marketing to children a product with proven health hazards and no warning labels. They would do well to protect themselves, and their customers, by providing the nutrition information people need to make informed choices about their products. Without such warnings, we'll see more sick, obese children and more angry, litigious parents. I say, let the deep-fried chips fall where they may. (source: www.nytimes.com/2002/11/23/opinion/don-t-blame-the-eater.html)

1.a. Based on what you have learned about the different types of texts, how will you categorise this article by David Zinczenko? Provide sound reasons to justify your response. 

1.b. Based on your understanding of different techniques used by authors to achieve intended goals in different types of texts like expository, narrative, argumentative, etc.,

what strategy or technique do you think David Zinczenko is using in

this article and to what effect? 

1.c. The article begins by contrasting youngsters suing McDonalds for lifestyle diseases with automobile enthusiasts suing Porsche for speeding tickets. What according to you is the author’s objective or purpose to begin in this manner? 

1.d. What are the choices available to American youngsters for an affordable meal? What is the future implication of such choices? 

1.e. Why are alternatives to fast-food difficult to find and how does lack of information contribute to the problem?

1.f. “And I’d say the industry is vulnerable.” Do you agree or disagree with the author’s observation? Provide logical arguments in support of your view.

1.g. Having read the article fully, how appropriate do you think the title is, with regard to an eater’s responsibility?

Write a report for a newspaper on the NEP and its implementation in our educational institutions. Emphasize on the language policy of the NEP document. Write in about 300 words.

Draft the biographical sketch of a young politician of your choice. Focus on the important contributions she/he has made towards social development. Write in about 300 words.

Write a dialogue between a Career Counsellor and a prospective candidate for the post of a Programme Officer in a company. You can indicate the problems of the young aspirant at this critical juncture of his career. Write in about 300 words.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate clause. One is done for you as an example. If I pass this course, I might take a computer course next semester.

(i) If I work hard, ________________________________________

(ii) If I save a lot of money, _________________________________

(iii) If I drink a lot of coffee tonight, ___________________________ 

(iv) If I eat a lot of sugar, ________________________________________

(v) If I don’t get enough sleep, ____________________________________

(vi) __________, I would be fit.

(vii) __________, I would be better at my job.

(viii) __________, I would buy a big house for myself and my family.

(ix) __________, I shall be punished

(x) __________, I will be scolded by my father.

A: What happened (happen) to your car?

B: I _____________(have) an accident yesterday.

A: How_____________(it/happen)?

C: I _____________(drive) to work when a dog__________(come) in front of my

car. I________(stop) my car suddenly, and the car behind me__________(hit) my

car because the driver_________(follow) me too closely.

A: _______________(you get) a ticket?

B: No, but the driver who hit me did.

A: Who will pay to have your car fixed?

B: The other driver. When he__________(hit) me, he ___________(get) out of his car and gave me his insurance card.

Find words from the passage which convey a meaning similar to the following words/phrases 

(i) firm decisions (para 1)

(ii) put together (para 1)

(iii) overwhelming (para 1)

(iv) unchanging (para 1)

(v) stumbling-block (para 2)

(vi) restricted (para 2)

(vii) with great zeal (para 2)

(viii) very tired (para 3)

(ix) give me away (para 3)

(x) ward off (para 3)

The New Year is a time for resolutions. Mentally, at least most of us could compile formidable lists of ‘do's’ and ‘don'ts’ for the year. The same old favorites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity. We resolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less, find more time to play with the children, do a thousand and one jobs about the house, be nice to people we don’t like, drive carefully, and take the dog for a walk every day. Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment. If we remain deep-rooted liars, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure. Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out. We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody so that we look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways. Aware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself. I limited myself to two modest ambitions; to do physical exercise every morning and to read more every evening. An all-night party on New Year's Eve provided me with a good excuse for not carrying out either of these new resolutions on the first day of the year, but on the second, I applied myself assiduously to the task. The daily exercise lasted only eleven minutes and I proposed to do them early in the morning before anyone had got up. The self-discipline required to drag myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual was considerable. Nevertheless, I managed to creep down into the living-room for two days before anyone found me out. After jumping about on the carpet and twisting the human frame into uncomfortable positions, I sat down at the breakfast table in an exhausted condition. It was this that betrayed me. The next morning the whole family trooped in to watch the performance. That was really unsettling but I fended off the taunts and jibes of the family good humouredly and soon everybody got used to the idea. However, my enthusiasm waned, the time I spent at exercises gradually diminished. Little by little the eleven minutes fell to zero. By January 10th I was back to where I had started from. I argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the morning I would keep my mind fresh for reading when I got home from work. Resisting the hypnotizing effect of television, I sat in my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued to a book. One night however, feeling cold and lonely, I went downstairs and sat in front of the television pretending to read. That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to the old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen. I still haven't given up my resolution to do more reading, In fact, I have just bought a book entitled ‘How to Read a Thousand Words a Minute.’ Perhaps it will solve my problem, but I just haven’t had time to read it.

1a) According to the writer, what have past experiences of New Year resolutions taught us?

1b) Why, according to the writer, do most of us fail in our efforts for self-improvement?

1c)  Why did the writer not carry out his resolutions on New Year’s day?

1d)  The writer eventually failed to implement his New Year’s Resolutions because:

a)his family disturbed him.

b)his resolutions were too ambitious

c)he was looking for some convincing excuse to forget them.

1e) Give a suitable little to the passage.

1f) In a few lines write your own experience of New Year Resolutions.

Compare the merits and the demerits of any four models adopted for delivery of vocational education and training

Describe the dual system of vocational education and training in Germany.

Discuss different aspects and problems of implementation of vocational education in India.