What are the different modes of operating a dual trace CRO? Why is alternate mode preferred at high frequencies? Why does it cause flicker at lower frequencies?

Design and draw a circuit using an op-amp to get + 8 V at output for input less than +4 V and +8 V at output for input greater than +4 V.

Design and draw a circuit using an op-amp to get + 8 V at output for input less than +4 V and 8 V at output for input greater than +4 V.

You want to amplify an input signal with 10 mV amplitude and 50 MHz frequency. Which characteristics of op-amp will be significant in this case? What will be the value of these parameters? Why?

Design and draw a zener regulated power supply for 5V and 100 mA maximum load current output. Assume the input unregulated voltage to be 10 V and minimum zener operation current to be 5 mA. Specify the voltage, power rating of zener, value and power rating of resistor used.

The turns ratio of a transformer used in half wave rectifier is 20:1. The primary is connected to the power mains: 220 V, 50 Hz. If the diode resistance in forward bias is 20 and the load resistance, R_L is 500 , determine

i) the peak value, the dc value and the rms value of current;

ii) the ripple factor; and

iii) the rectification efficiency.

Draw the circuit of a phase shift oscillator using an n-p-n transistor. In this oscillator with three identical RC sections let R = 10 k. To generate frequencies in the range from 1 kHz to 100 kHz, determine the range of C.

State the Barkhausen criterion for sustained oscillation. Explain the operation of Hartley Oscillator. A Hartley oscillator oscillates with 10 MHz frequency. Determine the total inductance, L forming the tank circuit with 5 pF capacitor.

Why is it necessary in the case of cascade amplifier to use coupling network between the two stages? What are the advantages of transformer coupling?

Class AB amplifier is used for audio signal amplification whereas class C amplifier is used for single frequency sine wave amplification (used as carrier wave in communication systems). Explain this statement on the basis of Fig. 10.3 in your study material.

Subtract 00001110₂ from 00011001₂ using 2’s complement binary adder-subtractor. Draw the appropriate diagram.

Simplify the expression to its MSP form. Draw the logic gate circuit to implement this MSP.

Design a binary adder circuit to add 4-bit binary numbers corresponding to the decimal numbers 12 and 8.

Draw the circuit to obtain a 2-input NAND gate using diodes, transistor and resistors.

Convert FF_H to its binary equivalent. Add it to 10001₂. Express the result in its decimal and BCD equivalent.

h-parameters of a single stage CE amplifier are given as hi = 1 k , h_r = 3 × 10^-4 , h_f = 60 and h_o = 25 µAV-1 . Calcul ate Ai , Av and Zout with r_s =10 k and Z_in = 856 .

State the biasing conditions for E-B and C-B junctions in a BJT for its proper operation. Explain the output characteristics of a CE configuration of an amplifier.

State the biasing conditions for E-B and C-B junctions in a BJT for its proper operation. Explain the output characteristics of a CE configuration of an amplifier

In the universal bias circuit shown in Fig. 4.11 of your course material, a silicon n-p-n transistor is used. Calculate the dc voltages (base voltage, emitter voltage, collector voltage and collector to emitter voltage) and collector and emitter currents. It is given that R₁= 40k, R₂ = 5.0k , R_C = 5.0k, V_CC = 15V and R_E = 1.0k..Take V_BE =0.6 V Hence, locate the Q point.

Explain the effect of doping on the energy band diagram of a semiconductor.