Examine the integration of EVs with smart grid technology and its role in sustainable energy systems.

Evaluate how regenerative braking improves the overall energy efficiency of hybrid vehicles.

Discuss how hybrid vehicle architecture bridges the gap between conventional and fully electric vehicles.

Explain the role of inverters, converters, and motor control units (MCUs) in optimizing EV performance.

 Analyze how battery management systems (BMS) contribute to battery safety and long-term reliability.

Discuss the major factors affecting battery performance, life cycle, and sustainability.

 Analyze how hydrogen-based propulsion compares with battery-electric systems in terms of efficiency and sustainability.

 Discuss the significance of fuel-air mixture preparation and ignition control in achieving low-emission combustion.

 Explain how modern emission control technologies (EGR, TWC, SCR, DPF) have transformed vehicle emission standards globally.

 Analyze the challenges and benefits of India's target to achieve 30% EV sales penetration by 2030.

What is the reason behind popularity of social networking? What are the precautions one must take while using social networking? Give examples a few social networking sites and how they function.

DN.

URL

IP address

TCP/IP protocol

For the design a network for an office (with no branches) that is located in a building which of the networks (LAN, MAN, WAN) will you suggest? Justify your selection. List the basic characteristics of the proposed network.

Explain the use of MODEM, Router, Switch and Gateway in the context of Computer Networks.

Multiprogramming

Multiprogramming

Command Processor