Radical perspectives of civil society 

Explain the armed conflicts in Sri Lanka and Afghanistan.

Explain the armed conflicts in Sri Lanka and Afghanistan.

Compute the value of the integral 
8
∫ 0 (4 x4+ 5x3 + 6x +5) dx
By taking 8 equal subintervals using (a) Trapezoidal Rule and then
(b) Simpson's 1/3 Rule. Compare the result with the actual value.

What is the issue of Lipulekh? Elaborate. 

What are the challenges for South Asian countries to achieve human development? Explain. 

Find the values of the first and second derivatives of y = f(x) for x=2.1 from the (5)
following table using Lagrange’s interpolation formula. Compare the results with (a)
part above.
x : 2 2.5 3 3.5
y : 8.7 12.7 16.8 20.9

Define civil society. Discuss the important elements and role of civil society organisations in South Asia.

Find the values of the first and second derivatives of y = f(x) for x=2.1 using the (5)
following table. Use forward difference method. Also, find Truncation Error (TE) and
actual errors.
x : 2 2.5 3 3.5
y : 8.7 12.7 16.8 20.9

Derive the relationship for the operators δ in terms of E.

(i) Using Stirling's central difference formula, estimate the populationfor the year 2007
(ii) Using Newton’s forward formula, estimate the population for theyear 1998.
(iii) Using Newton’s backward formula, estimate the population for theyear 2013.

The population of a country for the last 25 years is given in the following table:. 
Year (x) : 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Population in lakhs (y) : 678 1205 1855 2745 3403

Using the inverse Lagrange’s interpolation, find the value of x when y=3 for the following   data: 
x 25 35 55 75
y=f(x) -2 -1 1 5

Find Lagrange’s interpolating polynomial for the following data. Hence obtain the value of
f(4). (5)
x 0 2 3 5
f(x) 2 11 21 121

Determine the smallest positive root of the following equation: 
f(x) ≡ x3 – 9x2
- x + 9 = 0
to three significant digits using
(a) Regula-falsi method (b) Newton-Raphson method
(c) Bisectionmethod (d) Secant method

Meaning of post–conflict re–construction and rehabilitation

Peace –building

Perform four iterations (rounded to four decimal places) using 
(i) Jacobi Method and
(ii) Gauss-Seidel method ,
for the following system of equations.

Negative and Positive peace 

Role of UN in promotion of world peace