Describe the structure of the respiratory system of cartilaginous fishes and state how it differs from that of bony fishes.
See Answer →Fill in the blanks in the following sentences by selecting an appropriate word from those given in the parenthesis after each sentence:
i) The skeleton of the head is known as ……………………. (vertebral column, pelvic girdle, skull).
ii) Cranium encloses and protects the ……………………… (eye, heart, brain).
iii) The brain within the cranium is in contact with the spinal cord through ………………………… an aperture found at the hind end of the cranium (fenestra ovalis, foramen magnum, external nares).
iv) The vertebra with concavity infront and convexity behind is called …………………. type (amphicoelous, procoelous, opisthocoelous).
v) The bone humerus of the upper arm articulates with the pectoral girdle at ……………………… cavity (glenoid, acetabulum, zygapophysis).
vi) Radio-ulna, a composite bone is found in ……..…………….. (rabbit, bat, frog).
See Answer →Mention the two types of endoskeletal structures found in vertebrates. What is the difference between their ground matrix?
See Answer →Explain keratinization in terrestrial vertebrates.
See Answer →Write two important differences between scales of reptiles and fishes.
See Answer →Differentiate between horns and antlers and give an example each of an animal with horn and an antler.
See Answer →List and give one function of the four glands of the skin
See Answer →The special adaptations of birds all contribute to two factors essential for flight namely, more power and less weight. Explain how each of the following contributes to one or the other or both:
(i) Endothermy
(ii) Respiratory system
(iii) Skeleton system
(iv) Excretory system.
See Answer →What are the three main reptile lines that evolved from the amniotes during the Mesozoic era and from which lineage did the present day reptiles evolve? How would you distinguish among the anapsid, diapsid and synapsid types of skull.
See Answer →Distinguish between anurans and urodeles
See Answer →Describe parental care in amphibians
See Answer →Give one word/short answer for the following:
i) Give one prominent difference between sharks and rays.
ii) What kind of tail characterises elasmobranchs?
iii) In what way are sharks well adapted for predatory life habit?
iv) What is the function of the lateral line system in elasmobranchs?
v) How is the Chimera different from sharks and rays?
Describe the water vascular system of a seastar.
See Answer →What are the characteristics of echinderms that are unique to them and not found in other phyla?
See Answer →Pectines of scorpions
See Answer →Book lungs of Arachnida
See Answer →What is parasitic adaptation? Explain the adaptations that have taken place in Ascaris lumbricoides.
See Answer →What do you mean by polymorphism? Expalin the functions of various polymorphic forms of Hydrozoa.
See Answer →Describe the characteristic features of Cnidarians.
See Answer →Define bilateral symmetry. What are the advantages that bilaterally symmetrical animals have over radially symmetrical animals?
See Answer →