Solve your IGNOU Doubts

Question:

Explain the use of the string library functions strncpy() and strncat(), with the help of an example for each.

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Question:

When passing an argument to a function, what is the difference between passing by value and passing by reference?

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Question:

How is an external variable defined? How is it initialised? What happens when an external variable definition does not include the assignment of an initial value?

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Question:

Suppose you wish to solve the equation $x^5 + 3x^2 - 10 = 0$ for x. Rearrange this equation to get an appropriate fixed point iteration method. Then write a program to get an approximate value of the root of the equation. The initial guess must be entered by the user. Your programme must be able to flag a warning message if the initial guess is too far from the exact root. In that case, your program must be able to suggest an initial guess to the user. Terminate the program and print the current value of the root as soon as the difference between two successive approximations becomes smaller than 0.005

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Question:

Explain how will you read a three-dimensional array using for loops.

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Question:

Write a loop that examines each character in a character type array called text, and determines how many of the characters are letters, how many are digits, how many are whitespace characters, and how many are other characters.

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Question:

Arrange the following operators in descending order of their priority. If any two operators have the same priority, then specify their associativity. + =, %, +, ∗, ∗(unary), ! =, −, ++

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Question:

Explain the use of the functions getchar(), putchar(), gets() and puts() functions, with a suitable program

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Question:

Write the output of the following C codes, with proper justification for each.
i) main()
{
int a = 2, b = 4, c = 5;
a = b + c;
b = a + c;
c = a - b;
printf("%d,%d,%d", a, b, c);
}
ii) main()
{
printf("%d", ‘C’ + ‘P’ + ‘r’ + ‘o’ + ‘g’ + ‘r’ + ‘a’ + ‘m’);
}
iii) main()
{
int i, j = 1;
for(i = 1; i <= 10; i = i + 2)
{
j = i - j;
while(j <= 2)
printf("%d ", i+j++);
}
}
iv) main()
{
int a = 10, b = 20, c = 30;
int *p = 2;
a = c/*p;
b = c;
printf("a = %d, b = %d", a, b);
}
v) func(int x)
{
static int a = 0;
a += x;
return(a);
}
main()
{
int p;
for(p = 1; p <= 5; ++p)
printf("%d", fun(p));
}