Explain Punnet square method and Laws of Probability to study applications of Mendel’s principles.

Highlight the unique features of Drosophila and Danio rario as model organisms and their suitability for specific studies

Write a brief notes on (i) tyrosine kinases and (ii) receptor regulation

Explain the structure of intracellular receptors. Give any two examples of intracellular receptors. 

Name different anatomical regions and their hormone secretion of adrenal gland.

Write two functions each of adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

Write functions and regulation of glucagon.

Explain the structure of pancreas with focus on endocrine function.

What is calcitonin? How does it decrease the concentration of blood calcium?

What is the difference between osteomalacia and osteoporosis in terms of cause and symptoms of the disease.

Expand the acronym EPO. Explain its functions and applications

Write secretory cells and primary action of the following growth factors: (i) EGF and (ii) PDGF

What are the three phases of reproductive cycle? Explain the role of various hormones during these different phases

Explain the role of iodine in synthesis of thyroid hormones.

Describe the anatomy of anterior pituitary gland..

What is the relation of hypothalamus with development of neurogenic diabetes inspidus and hypopituitarism.

Explain different modes of cell-cell signaling

Name the endocrine gland, target organs and functions of the following hormones in brief:

(a) Thyroid stimulating hormone
(b) Oxytocin
(c) Melatonin
(d) Gastrin
(e) Cholecystokinin

Explain mismatch and recombinant repair mechanism for DNA repair.

Differentiate between spontaneous and induced mutation.