List the entities, their attributes and relationships for the description given above and make an ERdiagram for this e-Commerce Portal. You may use the concept of keys, aggregation, generalisation, cardinality etc. as per need. Design the suitable RDBMS tables for the ER-diagram you have created. The database design should include keys, foreign keys, constraints and referential integrity constraints. Your database design should be normalized up to 3rd Normal Form. Make necessary assumptions wherever require.

Write an algorithm and a program in ‘C’ language for addition of two Polynomials

Write an algorithm and a program in `C ’ language for the implementation of Circular Doubly Linked List. The implementation should include creation, insertion, deletion, updation , Lookup

Write a short note on the recent developments in the area of finding shortest path between two nodes of a Graph. Make necessary assumption

What are Red Black Trees? How do they differ from Splay Trees? What are their applications?

What is a Tree? How does it differ from a Binary Tree? Is it possible to convert a Tree to a Binary Tree? If yes, then, explain the process with an example

What is a Doubly Linked Circular List? What are its advantages and disadvantages? Give a scenario where its application is appropriate. Justify your answer.

 Write short notes on the following database technologies: (i) Distributed databases (ii) Block chain databases

Explain the need of NoSQL databases. Explain the characteristics of any two types of NoSQL databases.

Explain the multi-dimensional data model of a data warehouse. Also, define the concept of decision tree with the help of an example. List any four applications of data mining.

What are object-relational database? Explain the concept of complex data types used in these databases. Explain the object model in the context of Object Oriented database systems. How objectoriented database systems are different from Object-relational database systems

Make the query tree for the following query (assume the database of problem 2(d)).

SELECT c.custName, c. custId, a.AccountNumber, t.DebitORCredit
FROM Customer c, Account a, Transaction t
WHERE c.custId = a.custId AND a.AccountNumber = t.AccountNumber
AND Amount > 10000;

What is the cost of selection operation, when the index scan method is used? Explain with the help of an example. Explain the cost of Join operation when Merge-Join method is used.

) Explain the Log based Recovery with the help of an example. What are Redo and Undo operations. Why do you need checkpoint? Explain the process of recovery with check points with the help of an example Explain with the help of an example, how recovery is performed when Deferred database modification scheme is used.

What is 2-Phase locking? Lock and unlock various data items of the transactions, given in Figure 1, using 2-Phase locking such that no concurrency related problem occurs, when the transactions A, B and C are executed concurrently

What are the problems that can be encountered, if the three transactions (given in Figure 1) are run concurrently? Explain with the help of different transaction schedules of these transactions.

                              Figure 1: Three Concurrent Transactions

What are the problems that can be encountered, if the three transactions (given in Figure 1) are run concurrently? Explain with the help of different transaction schedules of these transactions

Explain the ACID properties of transactions with the help of an example of each.

Consider the following relational database:

Customer (custId, custName, custAddress, custPhone)
Account (AccountNumber, custId, TypeOfAccount, Balance)
Transaction (DateTimeofTransaction, AccountNumber, DebitORCredit, Amount)

The underlined attribute(s) in the relation forms the primary key. In relation Customer, the custID is
the unique identifier of a customer. The purposes of other attributes in Customer relation are self
explanatory. You may define the domain of different attributes. The TypeOfAccount attribute can
take the value (“Saving”, “Current”, “Salary”, “Other”). Please note that at a specific time of a date
only one transaction can be performed from an account. Please also note that the Account relation
has foreign key custID and Transaction relation has foreign key AccountNumber. Write and run the
following SQL queries on the database:
(i) Create the tables with the primary and foreign key constraints.
(ii) Insert at least 5 records in the first 2 tables and 20 records in the 3rd table.
(iii) List “Saving” Account details showing the AccountNumber, custName, custPhone,
Balance of all the accounts. These records should be shown in the order of custName.
(iv) Find all the transactions made by customer whose custID is “240002”.
(v) Find the list of those customers who have more than one account.
(vi) Find the total of Debit transactions made for Account Number “A0054”
(vii) Find the total of balance of all the accounts of a customer.
(viii) Find the list of customers whose name start with an alphabet “B”
(ix) List the pair of customers who share the same phone number.
(x) Find the list of the customers, who have not made any credit transaction since 1st January,
2023.

Explain the following terms with the help of an example of each – Assertion, Cursor, Stored Procedure, Triggers.