What is Tenancy in context of cloud computing ? Compare Multi-Tenancy model and Single Tenancy model of resource sharing. Explain the various ways through which Multi-Tenancy can be implemented.

: What is Cloud Computing ? How Cloud Computing differs from Cluster Computing , Grid Computing ? Explain the characteristics of Cloud Computing. Also, give benefits & applications of Cloud Computing.

Explain the techniques used for similarity measurement in Big Data analytics. Discuss Jaccard similarity, cosine similarity, and their role in recommendation systems.
QlO: Write R programs for the following tasks:
(a) Perform simple linear regression on a sample dataset and interpret the output.
(b) Apply a classification technique of your choice on a dataset and explain the results obtained.

Explain the concept of NoSQL databases. Compare key-value stores, columnfamily databases, and document databases with suitable examples and use cases.

 What is Apache Spark? Explain its core components and advantages over traditional Hadoop MapReduce. Discuss one practical application where Spark is effectively used.

Describe the architecture of the Hadoop ecosystem. Explain the role of HDFS, YARN, and MapReduce in handling large-scale data processing.

: Discuss the need for Big Data technologies. Explain the characteristics of Big Data and describe how Big Data processing differs from traditional data processing systems.

Explain the concept of data visualization. Discuss any four commonly used charts and justify their use for analyzing different types of datasets.

What is data preprocessing? Explain the major steps involved in preprocessing large datasets. Discuss methods used for noise removal, normalization, and data transformation.

Define measures of central tendency and dispersion. Explain how variance and standard deviation help in understanding data distribution. Discuss the relevance of these measures in Data Science applications.

Explain the scope and objectives of Data Science. Discuss the importance of data collection and sampling techniques in data-driven decision making. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.

Explain Man in the middle attack (MITM) using Ettercap.

Discuss the Deployment of OpenStack using DevStack with all steps.

What do you mean by Web Security Protocol? Describe the most common authentication protocols. Give example.

 How does direct API intersection work? Give illustration.

Explain attacks using HTML5. How can it be secured?

: Explain the following:
a) XML digital signatures with their types and structure
b) Web Application Audit Tool

: Describe the fundamentals of web application security audit.

Explain weblog evaluation in the context of generic weblog examination data, possible purposes and common logs.

Describe standards of web services and their application on securing issues.