Describe cross-site attacks with examples.

 What do you mean by Python Libraries? Give illustration. Also discuss the operating system modules in Python.

What is social media analysis for information gathering? Explain it with an example.

Explain the term Packet Sniffing. Differentiate between Active Sniffing and Passive Sniffing. Why is passive sniffing ineffective?

What are web vulnerabilities? Describe the various types of Injection attacks as web vulnerabilities. Also, list the top ten security vulnerabilities as per OWASP.

Write stepwise procedure to install python and write minimum system resources required. Also write and explain any five features of Python.

Write stepwise procedure to install python and write minimum system resources required. Also write and explain any five features of Python.

Write and explain in detail any five attacks on wi-fi networks scripting (XSS).

What is the Random Forest algorithm? Explain how it can be applied to classification problems. Write a program in R to implement a Random Forest classifier on a sample dataset and explain its output.

Discuss the challenges of online advertising and recommendation systems. Explain the concept of collaborative filtering with an example, and discuss the role of clustering in social network analysis.

What is the PageRank algorithm, and how is it used in link analysis? Describe the concept of "flow of rank" in PageRank. Explain how the PageRank of a web page is calculated using the flow model.

Describe the purpose and functionality of a Bloom filter in data stream processing. How does the Bloom filter efficiently check for element presence? Describe the Flajolet-Martin algorithm for cardinality estimation in data streams.

Compare Apache Spark, Hive, and HBase in terms of functionality, data processing methods, and use cases. When would Spark be preferred over traditional MapReduce, and why?

 Explain the Hadoop architecture with a focus on HDFS and the master/slave architecture. How do NameNode and DataNodes work together to store and manage large datasets? Provide a basic example of this storage process.

Discuss the 4 Vs of big data (Volume, Velocity, Variety, and Veracity). Provide a real-world example of each, explaining how these characteristics create challenges in big data management.

Describe the role of statistical hypothesis testing in data analysis. What are Type I and Type II errors, and how do they affect decision-making? Provide an example of hypothesis testing in a real-world scenario.

Describe the role of statistical hypothesis testing in data analysis. What are Type I and Type II errors, and how do they affect decision-making? Provide an example of hypothesis testing in a real-world scenario.

Explain Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) and its importance. What are the main steps in performing EDA on a new dataset? Describe two methods for detecting outliers and how handling outliers impacts data analysis.

Explain Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) and its importance. What are the main steps in performing EDA on a new dataset? Describe two methods for detecting outliers and how handling outliers impacts data analysis.

Define the term data science. Describe its applications in two industries of your choice (e.g., healthcare, finance, e-commerce). What role does the data science lifecycle play in managing data projects?