How are inequality, gender, and women's migration interrelated? Discuss with suitable examples or case studies.

How do the Census and the International Labour Organization (ILO) define work? Explain the feminist perspective on women's work.

 Apply K-Means clustering to group similar data points. Display the results visually using appropriate R plotting functions. Explain the outputs obtained.

 Create a Decision Tree classifier for a sample dataset. Display the results visually using appropriate R plotting functions. Explain the outputs obtained.

 What is the Flajolet-Martin algorithm? Explain its steps for estimating the number of unique elements in a data stream. Compare it with the use of a Bloom Filter.

Explain Cosine Similarity and Jaccard Similarity with examples. How are these measures used in recommendation systems and document similarity analysis?

What are Column-based, Document-based, and Graph-based NoSQL databases? For each type, give an example and explain a real-world use case where it is most suitable.

Compare MapReduce and Apache Spark with respect to data processing speed, fault tolerance, and ease of use. Provide a real-world use case where Spark is more beneficial than MapReduce.

 Explain the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) architecture with a diagram. Describe the role of NameNode and DataNodes in storing and retrieving large-scale datasets.

What are the Four Vs of Big Data? Give real-world examples for each. Compare Big Data systems with traditional data warehouses in terms of architecture and functionality.

Discuss the data cleaning process in detail. Explain missing value imputation techniques and the impact of data quality on predictive model performance.

What is Correlation in statistics? Explain the difference between positive correlation and negative correlation with examples. Discuss how the Central Limit Theorem is applied in Data Science projects.

Differentiate between descriptive, inferential, and causal data analysis with suitable examples.

Define the term Data Science. Explain the role of data sampling in Data Science.

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जीवन चक्र परिकल्पना के प्रमुख अभिलक्षणों पर प्रकाश डालिए। इसके निहितार्थ क्या है?

. नीति अप्रभाविता प्रमेय की प्रासंगिकता एवं निहितार्थों की आलोचनात्मक जाँच कीजिए।

फिलिप्स वक्र क्या दर्शाता है? आप अल्पावधि और दीर्घावधि में वक्र की आकृति में अंतर का कैसे समाधान करेंगे?

 स्थिर विनिमय दर वाली किसी खुली अर्थव्यवस्था में सरकार को मौद्रिक नीति में स्वायत्तता प्राप्त नहीं होती। क्या आप इस कथन से सहमत हैं? अपने उत्तर का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।