Draw and explain the equivalent LCR resonant circuit of an oscillating crystal. A crystal has  and . Calculate its series resonant frequency. What is the effect of the crystal thickness on its frequency?

 Draw the lead-lag network of Wien bridge oscillator and obtain the expression for its oscillation frequency and required amplifier gain using time domain analysis.

i) Normalize the wave function:

ii) Calculate the expectation value of x for a particle in this state. 

 In single ended input – single ended output configuration of a differential amplifier, the input voltage is 10 mV. If the collector resistors , emitter resistor  and supply voltage is , calculate the differential gain and output voltage of the circuit. Assume that the you are using Si transistors. 

 Define intrinsic stand-off ratio of a UJT. Draw and explain the I-V characteristic of UJT. 

Estimate the uncertainty in the energy of a photon localized within a distance of . 

 Define intrinsic stand-off ratio of a UJT. Draw and explain the I-V characteristic of UJT. 

What are the causes of non-ideal characteristics of a p-n junction diode? 

Describe the difference between the construction and operation of enhancement mode and depletion mode MOSFET. 

Electrons are accelerated through a potential 150 V and incident on a crystal with interatomic spacing . Calculate the de Broglie wavelength and the first-order Bragg diffraction angle. 

 How can the efficiency of a solar cell be increased? How is the optimum bandgap chosen for the solar cell material? 

Explain the complete switching ON and OFF cycle of a power diode with the help of appropriate diagram. What are forward and reverse recovery times of a power diode?

 Describe various electron-hole pair generation processes in semiconductor. 

Skin depth in conductors and its physical significance.

Dispersion of electromagnetic waves in a medium.

 A rigid body consisting of a uniform plate with  and mass M, obtain the moments of inertia (I_xx, I_yy, I_zz) and hence the principal moments of inertia.

Obtain the expression for the rotational kinetic energy of a rigid body when the rotation is referred to its principal axes of inertia, for a spherical top (a uniform solid sphere).

A particle with charge  moves with velocity  perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of magnitude . Calculate the magnetic force acting on the particle. 
 

 Derive the expression for total energy for a heavy symmetric top.

Determine the radial and the angular frequencies and explain their significance.