Discuss institutional accountability and autonomy in education. Why is autonomy demanded, and what kinds of accountability measures are commonly used in academic institutions?

Explain the idea of quality assurance in education and mention any two mechanisms/agencies/frameworks used in India to ensure quality (e.g., NAAC, NBA, NIRF, QCI).

What are the key features and challenges of higher education in India? Briefly explain how college and university education are managed and where major governance issues arise.

 Write a short note on school education structure in India, from pre-primary to secondary/senior secondary, highlighting key management/administrative concerns at any one stage.

Critically examine the contribution of major educational commissions in shaping Indian education. Discuss the key recommendations and limitations of any two (e.g., University Education Commission, Secondary Education Commission, Education Commission/Kothari Commission, National Knowledge Commission) and comment on how far their ideas influenced later educational policies.

Explain how the Indian Constitution shapes the structure and management of education in India. In your answer, discuss any three constitutional provisions/ideas (e.g., guiding principles from the Preamble, education as a right, Centre–State responsibility), and explain their implications for policy and educational governance.

 Differentiate between primary data any secondary data.

Analyze the interlink age between sociology and education.

Discuss the similarities and differences between fundamental research, applied research and action research

Explain the barriers for imparting inclusive education in schools.

Discuss the broad objectives for establishing Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNVs). Explain main features of JNVs.

alculate Mean, Median and Mode for the following data: 

Describe the basic steps to carry out an action research with suitable examples.

Explain any two educational innovations done at the global level. 

Select one Indian cyber law or regulation discussed in the course. Compare it briefly with a cyber practice from another country. Explain one lesson India can learn to improve cyber security or digital rights protection.

Observe any recent example of misinformation, deepfakes, surveillance, or data misuse. Identify the ethical issue involved and suggest one responsible measure that media organisations, technology companies, or policymakers can take.

Select one digital platform used by the Indian diaspora. Explain how it helps maintain cultural identity, social connections, or professional networks. Use examples from online content, personal observation, or secondary sources.

 Identify one digital initiative (government, private, or community-based) that supports women in India. Explain how ICTs help women access information, skills, or income opportunities, using examples from news or course materials.

Observe how you use digital media in daily life for news, communication, or participation. Explain how digital platforms, mobile phones, or networks reflect features of the Information Society in contemporary India.

Explain the role of nucleotides as energy carriers, components of coenzymes, and second messengers in cells.